<p>Under the Paris Agreement process, countries are required to submit new or updated nationally determined contributions (NDCs) at least every five years, and successive NDCs should represent progression and a higher level of ambition. The first round of new or updated NDCs was due in 2020.</p>

<p>What enhancements are being made to NDCs in the run-up to COP27 in Egypt? How do these revised NDCs compare with the initial NDCs? How significant are scaling up of ambitions by the major greenhouse gas emitters? How does this first round of revisions meet the scale of ratcheting up of ambitions required in future NDCs to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement?</p>
