<p>Between 2014 and 2023, the Earth was already 1.2&deg;C warmer than pre-industrial levels (1850&ndash;1900). In 2022, carbon-intensive energy sources (coal (33%), oil (24%), and natural gas (16%)) accounted for 73% of global GHG emissions, which continue to rise. Reversing global warming requires an overhaul of the energy system. The &ldquo;energy transition&rdquo; involves shifting from fossil fuels to renewable energy to reduce emissions, lower costs, and address geopolitical concerns, though fossil fuel subsidies distort markets. What countries are leading the energy transition? What differentiates climate action leaders and climate laggards? What can laggards learn from leaders on achieving a just energy transition?</p>
